![]() The DSM-5 was released in 2013, while the ICD-11 is expected to be released in 2017. The preparations of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and the 11 th edition of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Mental Health Problems (ICD-11) have been overlapping. ![]() For psychologists who use the DSM-IV, PTSD is the third most frequently used diagnosis. PTSD is the eighth most frequently used diagnosis for psychologists who used ICD-10 and the 14 th most frequently used diagnosis for psychiatrists (not including mental retardation). Disorders specifically associated with stress are among the most widely used diagnoses amongst psychologists and psychiatrists worldwide. C-PTSD was described as coexisting with ‘simple’ PTSD, but extending beyond it. Herman argued that clinical observations could identify three broad areas of disturbance that transcend PTSD a) the symptom picture often appears to be more complex, diffuse, and persisting, b) the development of characteristic personality changes, and c) a vulnerability to repeated harm towards self and others. Herman reviewed the evidence of a complex form of PTSD in survivors of prolonged, repeated trauma. Judith Herman was the first to introduce the concept of C-PTSD, in 1992. The current paper focuses on disorders specifically associated with stress, particularly ‘post-traumatic stress disorder’ (PTSD) and ‘complex PTSD’ (C-PTSD) in northern Uganda.
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